NIST to HCOM Converter

HCOM is a Huffman-coded audio format from the early Macintosh era, designed to shrink digitized sound for distribution on floppy disks and bulletin board systems when storage was precious and modems were slow. The encoder takes 8-bit unsigned PCM input, computes a frequency table of sample-delta values, and builds an optimal Huffman tree that replaces common deltas with short bit sequences. Compression ratios of 2:1 or better were typical for speech recordings, a meaningful saving when a 3.5-inch floppy held only 800 KB. Files were distributed as Macintosh resource forks and played through utilities like SoundApp and the BinHex ecosystem that defined Mac software exchange in the late 1980s. The format supported sample rates up to 22.255 kHz, matching the output capabilities of original Macintosh sound hardware. Tools such as SoX retain HCOM decoding support, ensuring that archived recordings remain accessible decades later. HCOM holds three practical advantages for preservation work: lossless compression that recovers the original samples exactly, a self-contained Huffman table embedded in each file for dependency-free decoding, and historical prevalence across thousands of vintage Mac sound archives.