HTK to CVU Converter

CVU is an unsigned variant of the CVS telephony audio format, differing in how delta-encoded values are represented in the binary stream. While CVS stores slope delta values as signed quantities, CVU treats them as unsigned, shifting the numerical interpretation of each sample. Both share the underlying CVSD modulation technique — 1-bit adaptive delta coding where step size varies according to recent output bit patterns — operating at comparable rates, typically 16 kbps for narrowband voice at 8 kHz. The signed-versus-unsigned distinction matters at the decoder, where correct interpretation determines proper waveform reconstruction. CVU files appear in telephony and embedded communication contexts where hardware adopted the unsigned convention. A practical advantage is straightforward interfacing with systems using unsigned arithmetic natively, avoiding sign extension in decoders. Like its signed counterpart, CVU achieves extreme bandwidth efficiency, compressing voice into compact bitstreams for constrained links. SoX supports CVU, providing a reliable path for converting these niche telephony recordings into modern formats for analysis or archival.